ASTM D1185 is the US standard test method for pallet structural performance.
Detailed Definition
ASTM D1185, Standard Test Methods for Pallets and Related Structures Employed in Materials Handling and Shipping, describes laboratory tests for pallet stiffness, strength and durability. Tests include bending under different support conditions, such as racked across the length or width or supported on forks, compression tests, and impact or drop tests that simulate handling damage. Results help designers compare designs and set rated loads. The international counterpart is ISO 8611, and NWPCA's Pallet Design System software is a common analytical alternative.
Support conditions drive the result
The same pallet can have very different capacities depending on how it is supported. A pallet sitting flat on the floor spreads the load over its whole bottom. The same pallet spanning two rack beams must carry the load in bending, and it can deflect or break at a much lower load. D1185 tests these conditions separately, so a single "capacity" number without the support condition is incomplete.
How buyers use D1185
- Ask whether a quoted load rating comes from testing, design software or estimation.
- Ask which support condition the rating applies to, such as static stacking, fork handling or racking.
- Specify the load type, since uniformly spread loads and concentrated loads stress pallets differently.
- For repeated use, consider durability testing as well as strength.
Testing a prototype is most useful for new designs, heavy or racked loads, and automated systems where a failure is costly.
Reading a test report
A useful report states the pallet design and materials, moisture content at test, the support condition, how the load was applied, the deflection measured and the failure load. Compare designs only when they were tested the same way.
Authoritative Sources
- ASTM International (ASTM): the global standards body that publishes ASTM D1185 (Standard Test Methods for Pallets and Related Structures Employed in Materials Handling and Shipping).
- National Wooden Pallet & Container Association (NWPCA): the US trade association representing wood pallet manufacturers, recyclers, and component producers, founded in 1947.
Related Glossary Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Is ASTM D1185 the same as ISO 8611?
They cover similar ground but are separate standards. ASTM D1185 is used mainly in North America, while ISO 8611 is the international series for pallet test methods and is widely used in Europe and for export designs. Test setups, load application and reporting differ, so results from one are not automatically equal to the other.
Do I need a lab test to know my pallet's capacity?
Not always. Pallet design software such as the NWPCA Pallet Design System can estimate capacity from species, grade, dimensions and fastening. Physical testing to D1185 is worth considering for new or unusual designs, heavy or racked loads, and cases where a failure would be costly or unsafe.