ASTM D6055 is the ASTM standard of test methods for mechanical handling of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates, such as handling by forklift.
Detailed Definition
ASTM D6055, Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates, evaluates how a palletized or crated load stands up to being lifted, moved and set down by handling equipment such as forklifts. It is commonly called up as the mechanical handling element within ASTM D4169 test sequences for unit loads. Vibration, compression and drop hazards are covered by other ASTM methods that may be run in the same sequence.
What the test exercises
Mechanical handling stresses a unit load in ways that stacking and vibration do not. Fork tines enter the pallet, the load is lifted with its weight concentrated on the forks, it is moved, sometimes over bumps, and it is set down with some impact. These actions can break pallet boards, shift cartons, and tear stretch wrap. D6055 provides repeatable procedures for these actions so different packaging options can be compared.
Using results to improve a unit load
- If the pallet fails, review the deck board thickness, stringer or block design and fastening.
- If cartons shift, look at the wrap pattern, containment force or banding.
- If bottom cartons crush at the fork contact, consider a stronger bottom deck or a tier sheet.
Test with the actual pallet type and load configuration you ship. A good result on a new pallet may not hold for worn recycled pallets, so define the pallet condition in the test report.
Where D6055 fits in a test plan
Packaging engineers usually run D6055 early in a sequence, before stacking and vibration, because handling damage often starts at the dock. Pair it with a review of how loads are actually handled in your warehouses and by carriers.
Related Glossary Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Does ASTM D6055 test the pallet or the whole load?
It tests the unitized load as a system, which includes the pallet, the product, the packaging and the load securement. That makes it useful for finding weak links, such as wrap that loosens or a pallet deck that cracks under fork handling. To evaluate a pallet design alone, ASTM D1185 is the more direct standard.
Is D6055 required for shipping palletized goods?
No law requires it. Some customers, retailers or internal packaging specifications call for D6055 testing, often as part of a D4169 sequence, before approving a new pack or unit load design. If a customer names a test, follow their exact specification, including which edition, methods and acceptance criteria apply.