An automated machine that builds loaded pallets from incoming products at end-of-line.
Detailed Definition
A palletizer is an end-of-line machine that stacks cases, bags, bundles or other units onto a pallet in a programmed pattern to form a stable unit load. Conventional palletizers form complete layers on a forming table and transfer each layer onto the pallet, while robotic palletizers use an articulated arm with a gripper to place items. Palletizers are usually linked to conveyors, pallet dispensers and stretch wrappers, and they depend on consistent, good quality pallets to run without stoppages.
Conventional versus robotic palletizing
Conventional layer-forming palletizers are typically chosen for high-speed lines running large volumes of one product, and come in low-level and high-level infeed designs depending on where product enters the machine. Robotic palletizers are usually slower per line but more flexible: one robot can serve several lines, handle mixed products and change patterns through software. The choice depends on throughput, product mix, floor space and how often patterns change.
Pallet quality requirements for automated lines
Automation is less tolerant of pallet variation than people are. Out-of-square pallets, uneven deck height, missing or broken boards, protruding nails and warped bottom boards can jam dispensers and conveyors or make the load unstable. Many automated lines specify new pallets or a tightly defined recycled grade, with dimensional tolerances and orientation rules.
Pattern design and load stability
The stacking pattern balances stability against box strength. Column stacking, with cases directly above each other, makes the best use of box compression strength, while interlocked patterns tie layers together but reduce compression strength. Patterns should also avoid overhang beyond the pallet edge, and tall or unstable loads may need tier sheets between layers. See pallet build.
Related Glossary Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
What pallet quality does an automated palletizer need?
It needs pallets that are consistent in size, square, flat and complete, with no protruding nails or loose boards. The bottom deck must suit the dispenser and conveyors, and the pallet must be fed in the correct orientation. Requirements vary by equipment, so get the machine builder's pallet specification and write it into the pallet purchase specification. Inspect incoming pallets, especially recycled ones, before they reach the line.
What is the difference between a palletizer and a depalletizer?
A palletizer builds loads by placing products onto empty pallets at the end of a production or packaging line. A depalletizer does the reverse, removing products or empty containers from incoming loaded pallets and feeding them onto a conveyor, often at the start of a filling or packaging line. Both need consistent pallets, and many plants use both, one at each end of the process.