What is AGV?

AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) is a pallet-handling robot that follows fixed paths.

Detailed Definition

AGVs navigate along predefined routes using guidance such as embedded wires, magnetic tape, floor markers, or laser targets mounted in the building. They are used in manufacturing plants and distribution centers to move pallets between fixed points such as production lines, wrapping stations, docks and racks. Pallet-handling AGVs include automated forklifts, tuggers and unit-load carriers. Because the vehicle and its sensors expect consistent loads, AGV projects usually define pallet footprint, condition and entry style closely.

How AGVs differ from AMRs

An AGV follows paths that are fixed in advance. If something blocks the route, it typically stops and waits. An AMR builds a map and can plan its own route around obstacles. Some modern vehicles blur the line by using natural-feature navigation, so check how a given system is guided and how routes are changed.

Pallet requirements for AGV handling

Automated forks cannot adjust the way a driver does. Common requirements include:

• one consistent footprint and entry style, often specified as a single pallet type
• bottom deck and stringer or block layout that the forks and load sensors expect
• no broken or missing boards, protruding nails or loose components
• loads that do not overhang the pallet beyond set limits
• stretch wrap tails and labels that will not interfere with sensors

Many sites add a pallet inspection or checking station at the infeed. Mixed recycled pallets of varying quality often cause faults, so AGV users frequently specify new, high-grade recycled or pooled pallets.

Integration with warehouse systems

AGVs usually take their move orders from a fleet manager connected to a warehouse management or manufacturing system. Pallet identifiers, often barcodes or RFID tags, let the system confirm the right load was picked. Plan how exceptions, such as a missing label, are handled.

Authoritative Sources

• Material Handling Institute (MHI): the largest US trade association for material handling, logistics, and supply chain technologies.

Related Glossary Terms

• AMR - AMR (Autonomous Mobile Robot) is a pallet-handling robot that navigates dynamically without fixed paths.
• ASRS - ASRS (Automated Storage and Retrieval System) is a high-density automated pallet storage system.
• Forklift - A forklift (also called a powered industrial truck or PIT) is the primary equipment for pallet handling.
• Material Handling - Material handling encompasses all equipment and processes for moving, storing, and protecting goods, including pallets.
• Palletizer - An automated machine that builds loaded pallets from incoming products at end-of-line.
• Stretch Wrap Machine - A stretch wrap machine applies stretch film around a pallet load under controlled tension, so loads are wrapped consistently and with less film than hand wrapping.
• Browse all glossary terms

Frequently Asked Questions